Can syntax and semantic rules vary in complexity?

Syntax and semantic rules indeed can vary in complexity, and this flexibility is crucial for accommodating a wide range of programming scenarios and applications.

Syntax rules define the structure of statements in a programming language, determining how symbols and terms can be combined to form valid expressions. These rules can be simple, as seen in basic commands, or complex, especially in languages that support advanced features like nested structures, custom operators, or higher-order functions.

Semantic rules, on the other hand, govern the meaning of these statements. They can also vary widely; for example, while a simple variable assignment might have a straightforward meaning, more intricate constructs—such as function calls with various argument types—may involve complex semantic interpretations, including scope resolution, type checking, and execution context.

The allowance for varying complexity in both syntax and semantics enables programming languages to be powerful and expressive, catering to both novice users and experts who need to implement sophisticated logic. This adaptability is essential for building robust applications and developing rich, maintainable codebases.